4x4 mimo antenna

　　4x4 MIMO antenna: key technology for wireless communication performance improvement

　　In the process of continuously pursuing higher data transmission rates, stronger signal stability and wider coverage in the field of wireless communication, 4x4 MIMO antenna has become the core force driving industry change. It integrates advanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and significantly improves the performance of communication systems through sophisticated antenna layout and signal processing algorithms. It is widely used in many scenarios such as mobile communications, Internet of Things, and wireless LAN.

　　Technical principles and core advantages

　　Spatial multiplexing improves rate

　　The 4x4 MIMO antenna system is equipped with four transmitting antennas and four receiving antennas. The core spatial multiplexing technology is the key to improving the data transmission rate. The transmitter cleverly splits the original data into four independent sub-data streams and sends them synchronously through four transmitting antennas. The receiver uses complex and sophisticated signal processing algorithms to accurately identify and separate these sub-data streams from the mixed signals received by the four receiving antennas, and then recombines them to restore the original data. Taking the 5G communication network as an example, under ideal channel conditions, compared with the traditional single antenna (SISO) system, the 4x4 MIMO antenna can theoretically increase the data throughput to four times with the help of spatial multiplexing technology, providing solid support for high-speed data services such as smooth online playback of high-definition videos and instant download of large files.

　　Diversity technology ensures reliability

　　Wireless communication signals are easily interfered by complex factors such as multipath propagation and obstacle obstruction, which causes signal fading. The 4x4 MIMO antenna effectively resolves this problem with diversity technology. This technology uses the differences in fading characteristics when different antennas receive signals to obtain multiple signal copies from four receiving antennas. Then, through intelligent algorithms such as selection merging and maximum ratio merging, the copy with the best signal quality is selected, or multiple copies are optimized and merged, which greatly reduces the risk of deep signal fading and significantly improves the reliability of the received signal. In the complex environment of high-rise buildings in the city, the signal is constantly reflected and refracted between buildings. The diversity technology of the 4x4 MIMO antenna can significantly improve the signal quality, effectively reduce the occurrence of communication interruptions, and ensure the stability and continuity of communication.

　　Beamforming enhances coverage

　　Some 4x4 MIMO antennas also introduce beamforming technology to further improve their performance. By precisely controlling the phase and amplitude of the signals transmitted by each antenna, the antenna can concentrate the signal energy in a specific direction to form a high-gain directional beam. In the mobile communication base station scenario, the 4x4 MIMO antenna can dynamically adjust the beam direction and shape according to the user distribution and signal propagation conditions, accurately cover the signal to the user-dense area, enhance the signal strength, expand the coverage range, reduce signal interference, and greatly improve the user's communication experience.

　　Type characteristics and application scenarios

　　Omnidirectional 4x4 MIMO antenna

　　Omnidirectional 4x4 MIMO antenna has attracted much attention for its unique omnidirectional signal radiation capability. It radiates signals evenly in all directions with the antenna as the center, and the signal coverage range in the horizontal direction is 360 degrees circular. This type of antenna has significant advantages in scenarios where the signal propagation environment is relatively simple and there is an urgent need for omnidirectional coverage. In a smart home environment, the home gateway is equipped with an omnidirectional 4x4 MIMO antenna, which can ensure that smart devices in every corner of the home, such as smart speakers, smart cameras, smart appliances, etc., can be stably connected to the network, achieving efficient and convenient interconnection and remote intelligent control between devices. Common indoor ceiling-mounted omnidirectional 4x4 MIMO antennas, such as the AL-XD165 model of the Anlong brand, have the ability to cover 698-4000MHz with 5G Lte 4 ports 4X4 broadband. The gain is generally in the range of 3dBi-5dBi. It is installed on the ceiling, which is beautiful and does not take up extra space, building a stable wireless network environment for the room.

　　Directional 4x4 MIMO antenna

　　Flat-plate directional 4x4 MIMO antenna: The flat-plate directional 4x4 MIMO antenna consists of a precision array of multiple vibrators, with a compact structure and excellent performance. For example, the WMM 4G (G)-6-60 model for 4G and 5G networks integrates four independent broadband component assemblies into a single housing. In the 617-960MHz band, its peak gain can reach 6dBi; in the 1710-6000MHz band, the peak gain is as high as 9dBi. The antenna has an IP66 protection level and is highly suitable for harsh outdoor environments. It is equipped with a wall or mast mounting bracket and a low-loss double-shielded cable, which effectively reduces exposed connector joints and greatly facilitates installation operations and cable management. It is often used in point-to-point communication scenarios and projects that focus on covering specific areas. For example, when building a wireless monitoring network in remote mountainous areas, the flat-panel directional 4x4 MIMO antenna can accurately aim the signal at the target monitoring area to achieve long-distance, high-stability data reliable transmission.

　　Parabolic directional 4x4 MIMO antenna: Parabolic directional 4x4 MIMO antenna uses the reflection focusing principle of the parabola to highly concentrate the signal, thereby obtaining extremely high gain, generally up to 10dBi or more. Its design and manufacturing process is extremely complex, requiring precise adjustment of the shape of the parabola, the installation position and angle of the antenna to achieve the best signal focusing effect. This type of antenna is often used in professional communication fields that have almost stringent requirements on signal strength and directivity, such as long-distance microwave communication and special industrial data transmission scenarios. In large industrial plants, it is used to connect key communication equipment in different areas to ensure reliable and high-speed transmission of data in complex industrial environments.

　　Deep integration of application fields

　　Mobile communication network innovation

　　In modern mobile communication networks such as 4G and 5G, 4x4 MIMO antennas are key equipment for improving network capacity and optimizing user experience. Operators deploy 4x4 MIMO antennas on a large scale at base stations, which can simultaneously transmit multi-stream data with multiple user devices, greatly improve spectrum utilization efficiency, and easily meet the strong demand for high-speed data services when a large number of users are online at the same time. In places with high density of people, such as large shopping malls, stadiums, and transportation hubs, 4x4 MIMO antennas help base stations easily respond to communication requests from high-density users, ensuring that users can smoothly play high-definition videos, play immersive online games, and make safe and convenient mobile payments, effectively reducing network congestion and freezes, and bringing users a smooth communication experience.

　　Wireless LAN Upgrade

　　In corporate office environments and home network scenarios, wireless routers or wireless access points that support 4x4 MIMO technology play an important role. In corporate offices, employees have a large number of devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. 4x4 MIMO wireless devices can use multiple antennas to interact with these devices efficiently at the same time, significantly improving network throughput. Employees can smoothly conduct high-definition video conferences, quickly share files, and conveniently access cloud storage resources, greatly improving office efficiency. In home scenarios, when multiple smart devices are connected to the network at the same time for online entertainment, learning, and other activities, 4x4 MIMO routers can ensure stable network operation, avoid problems that bother users, such as video freezes and game disconnections, and create a stable and high-speed network environment for the family.

　　IoT connection expansion

　　The IoT system contains a large number of devices, which are widely distributed and require stable and efficient data communication with the network. 4x4 MIMO antennas provide strong support for improving the communication quality and reliability of IoT devices. In smart factories, various sensors, actuators, industrial robots and other equipment establish stable connections with gateways through 4x4 MIMO antennas to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring and automated intelligent control of the production process. Sensors collect key data such as temperature, humidity, and pressure on the production line in real time, and use 4x4 MIMO antennas to quickly transmit data to the gateway, which is then uploaded to the production management system by the gateway to ensure accurate and efficient operation of the production process. In the field of intelligent transportation, Internet of Vehicles devices rely on 4x4 MIMO antennas to communicate with roadside infrastructure or other vehicles, which strongly supports important functions such as intelligent driving assistance and real-time traffic information acquisition of vehicles, and significantly improves traffic safety and smoothness. For example, on highways, vehicles communicate with roadside units through 4x4 MIMO antennas to obtain accurate road condition information in a timely manner, optimize driving routes, and ensure efficient and safe travel.

　　With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demand for high-speed, large-capacity, and low-latency communications continues to rise, and 4x4 MIMO antenna technology will continue to evolve and innovate. In the future, it is expected to play a key role in more emerging fields such as smart healthcare, virtual reality/augmented reality, and smart grids, further expanding the application boundaries of wireless communications, injecting strong impetus into the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of various industries, and profoundly changing the way people live and work.